The Is A Realist Strategy Will Not Be Beneficial When...

Cohen argues against realism in his article, saying that a realist strategy will not be beneficial when dealing with a refugee crisis. Realists tend to not look at a situation in terms of emotion and instead always think of themselves and their own governments’ endgame. This dismisses human suffering altogether unless it is affecting the realist himself. For liberal strategies, there are options such as: cooperation, furthering democracy, and collective action. Cooperation would entail all of the countries involved in a refugee crisis acting together. This would include the transit country, the emigration country, and the immigration country. All of these countries working together and cooperating would ultimately make the process of refugees seeking asylum an easier one. This could even eliminate human suffering in terms of human trafficking due to the fact that a refugee would normally attempt to emigrate illegally. The next strategy, furthering democracy, in theory, should help to make the refugee’s home country more livable and substantially raise the living condition. However, in the case of Myanmar and the Rohingyas, this is not true because that democracy decided to suppress certain minorities. The final strategy would be collective action. Other countries not just including the transit country, the immigration country, and the emigration country, but rather an organization of action countries, such as the United Nations, could pressure the countries at fault intoShow MoreRelatedForeign Policy of Pakistan from 1947 to 201210146 Words   |  41 Pagesof Pakistan.’ President Ayub Khan commented that the principal objectives of Pakistan’s foreign policy were ‘security and development’, because the consideration of security embraced the defence of Pakistan and the preservation of its ideology, as realists believe that the power (military and economic) is important to state and is the only guarantee of the security an d survival of state. Further, he wrote in his book, Friends Not Masters, ‘the cause of our major problems is India’s inability to reconcileRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageswe choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization A critique of critical theory Critical theory and psychoanalysis develops challenging perspectives on organization culture A psychoanalytic view of organization culture The ‘unhealthy’ organization culture: when there is conflict The unhealthy organization culture: when there is insufficient conflict Understanding the purpose of the organization and embedding it in the culture Critical theory and psychoanalysis present challenging perspectives for organizational design Social democracy

Problems In A Good Man is Hard To Find - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 687 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay Did you like this example? A Good Man is hard to find is a short narrative which was written by Flannery OConnor (1953). The story focuses on a family who faces difficulty in agreeing with one another on where to go for a vacation. The grandmother wants the family to take a trip to Tennessee, but the other family mothers ignore her request and protest to take a trip to Florida. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Problems In A Good Man is Hard To Find" essay for you Create order The real journey can be said to take place in their family lives. An important question came up in the story What is the definition of a good man and how they are few of them left in the entire world? Most of the character in this story linked themselves to goop people based on their codes of moral they stand for and by. The characters are blinded by their deeply flowed moral codes because of their own self- virtue. Grandmother is the main character in the story because she gives the audience the exact definition to be a lady. Grandmother recognizes herself to have the best values because she is a Christian woman. During the entire trip she completely overdresses in a navy straw hat and collars and cuffs, so that if there were an accident, people would know she was a lady (368). The author affirms how she looks down to other people such that she criticizes the mother for not talking children on a trip to different places during vacation and also tells John Wesley to respect his parent and native state. Her definition of a good man is overflowed because she would marry Edgar Teagarden because he was rich. She asks Misfit to pray for himself when he is killing her family members. Ironically, she does not beg Misfit to spare her family members or even pray for them, yet she sees herself to be a good manse is more concerned about saving herself you wouldnt kill a lady would you (373) instead of her family. Misfit in the course of the narrative remains to be a mystery character. He is a murder and an escaped convict who is believed to be heading to Florida just like the grandmotherrs family. He comes across the family after their car crash, He (Misfit) want to help them fix their car and send them on their journey. The Grandmother upon seeing him, she remembers seeing him on a newspaper and shouts he is the Misfit, his plans had to change and had to kill every member of the family. He carries a conversation with the grandmother and affirms that he does not seem to seen actions regarding Right and wrong because Im not a good man, but Im not the worst either (374). The attitude of Misfit towards morality makes him depict of the title that a Good Man is hard to find. Despite acknowledging to praying to Jesus, he went ahead and shot the grandmother. Misfit might have changed after this encounter and started seeing actions as right and wrong. Bailey is the son of the grandmother and father to John Wesley and John Wesley. He is a frustrated individual with a constant disturbance from the family, and he is not interested in what they want. He shows no original thought and follows them to Florida. He reluctant to take the trip but does not voice his reasons, because he seems an irritable and weary figure worn out by the constant family conflict I wouldnt take my children in any direction with a criminal like that a loose in it. I couldnt answer to my conscience if I did (346). During the encounter with Misfit, Bailey is unable to rescue her family leaving them to die. In conclusion, I learned that people believe to be the center of the universe and do not always to those around them. The characters had a flawed definition of a good man, and the family should be able to make a candid decision as a group. Every individual in the family was selfish and ignored the input of others. The killing experience portrays the real title of the short narrative that a good man is hard to find.

General Business Major Unit As An Academic Course

Business Major This memo contains relevant information about the general business major unit as an academic course. The memo gives a clear explanation of the historical development of the discipline as widely employed in academic. The memo also gives an in-depth analysis of the discipline and highlights it several importance alongside its relationship with other related fields of study. This memo is a suitable source of information to persons seeking greater understanding of the business major discipline and its relevance in other related fields. The memo uses credible academic sources to vividly examine the discipline and give a clear illustration of how its study is based on its meritocracy and not other over lying factors. History Before 1927, business studies were taught in early institution but there was no official record of it evolution. Nevertheless, Professor Gras started a business history program that aimed at tracing the chronologic development of history from small-scale learning to the current institutions. He was an editor of the Bulletin of the Business Historical Society since the year 1926-1953, which was later transformed in the year 1953 to the modern Business History review (86). During this period, business was learnt through the application of theories that were simple and specific to a certain situation or discipline. The major factor that contributed to the narrow nature of the early business was the motive of study. Individuals studied the fieldShow MoreRelatedThe General Business Major Unit As An Academic Course1628 Words   |  7 Pages Business Major This memo contains relevant information about the general business major unit as an academic course. The memo gives a clear explanation of the historical development of the discipline as widely employed in academic. The memo also gives an in-depth analysis of the discipline and highlights it several importance alongside its relationship with other related fields of study. This memo is a suitable source of information to persons seeking greater understanding of the business majorRead MoreBusiness Administration Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesTowards A Business Administration Major Every person has the power to achieve short term and long term goals. Without some type of roadmap, people may get lost or never reach their destination. Gathering Information and building a plan is key before starting a college major. College is to be admired and fun, but also challenging so that students may be better prepared for their future, both career and in life. First year students need every beneficial information possible before starting a major becauseRead MoreScholastic Excellence And The Professions1521 Words   |  7 PagesScholastic Excellence and Business and the Professions City prides itself on its inventive way to deal with instruction. Our dedication to, and energy for, scholastic brilliance positions us eighth out of London colleges (The Sunday Times University Guide 2011). Our courses are improved by the exploration of our scholastic staff. Fifteen regions of scholastic action were evaluated as being of a quality tantamount with the absolute best on the planet in the national 2008 Research Assessment ExerciseRead MoreArkansas State University : A Long Way Over The Years1254 Words   |  6 Pagesthat goes back many years, at one time it was not even a college. It has come a long way over the years and here is a brief history of the school. Arkansas state university was founded in April, 1909, by Act 100 of the 37th Arkansas General Assembly as 1 of 4 AR high schools to teach agriculture, horticulture, and the art of textile manufacturing. Victor C. Kays was hired as the 1st principle, he soon began hiring staff. The staff was made of a secretary, a superintendent of farmsRead MoreMajor And Career Exploration Of Business Administration Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesMajor and Career Exploration Business Administration â€Å"The Associate in Science in Business Administration for Transfer is designed to provide students with the common core of lower division courses required to transfer and pursue a baccalaureate degree in Business Administration. This includes business degrees with options such as accounting, finance, human resource management, international business, management, operations management, and marketing.† In order to complete a class successfully theRead MoreEducation in The United States and Great Britain: A Comparison1761 Words   |  7 PagesStates counterparts, American boarding schools provide a more finely tuned education. Indeed, both systems produce well-educated students. England Educational System The education system of England has been the model for common wealth countries in general, but not without faults and inherent problems. The schools are usually classified according to how they receive their funding. The first level of education is known as primary education. At the age of five, or four in some parts of the country childrenRead MoreMy First Certificate Course Of Computer Science806 Words   |  4 Pagescertificate course in computers in 1995, it was on GWBASIC language. Since then, computers became a curiosity for me. Due to financial problems at home back then, I could not take admission in an undergraduate course of computer engineering. Therefore, I joined Ba chelor of Science degree (B.Sc.) course with major in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics. In the second year of graduation, I decided to take admission in Master degree course in Computer Science (MCA). MCA is a three-year rigorous course thatRead MoreAssignment Questions On The Cybersecurity Degree Program1132 Words   |  5 PagesBureau of Labor Statistics projects 37% increase in Cybersecurity related job fields by 2022. 2012 median salary $86,170 per year. 2. Is the program a rearrangement of existing courses or will new courses be required? New courses will be required. 3. Does the program require an agreement with another institution, business, or industry? No. 4. What other institutions provide this program? None exactly like, 8 similar, none degree completion programs. 4a. If other institutions offer this program,Read MoreUniversity Of Hawaii - Manoa997 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Hawaii – Manoa The University of Hawaii – Manoa was founded in 1907 and is the primary campus of the University of Hawaii System. This university is a popular academic destination of choice for students and faculty who want to live in an exotic location and take advantage of exclusive research opportunities. The University of Hawaii – Manoa is consistently ranked as one of the best educational values for students because of the quality programs and multicultural experience. The 320-acreRead MoreA Foreign Language Course : Beneficial For College Students1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Foreign Language Course: Beneficial for College Students â€Å"Every college-bound student had studied a foreign language in high school (98%)† (Price and Gascoigne 2005), since students are required to satisfy the A-G requirements so colleges can verify that the student’s subjects are academically challenging. Colleges recommend three years of the same foreign language, but a minimum of two years is sufficient. I argue that there must be a compelling reason for high schools to require students to take

Critically Examining And Understanding Difference

Your paper should cover the following: Critically examining and understanding difference Demographics and key features of the particular group in Australian society (What information do I need to know about this group?) Historical and current day perspectives, policies and practices affecting this group (What has changed over the years in relation to this group? What are key contemporary issues?) Central beliefs, views and perspectives (if relevant) (What are the key characteristics, i.e., what differentiates this group from others?) Potential issues of contention or challenges for this group in relation to Australian systems (What are the major issues faced in terms of for example, health, welfare, education, housing, law, income support?), and perceptions of responsibility and obligation (such as the role of the government and human services practice) in relation to this group. Working across difference Key theoretical frameworks/approaches and research for working/intervening or engaging with this group – cover specific and relevant theoretical frameworks/ approaches to this group. You need to cover what knowledge and skills you would employ (this could cover engagement, relationship building, particular interventions etc, for example, you could employ a strenghts-based approach). Implications for policy, resourcing and practice (What needs improving or challenging in the current context?) Personal and professional challenges for you as a human services or social workerShow MoreRelatedI Am Lifelong Learners Who Can Think Critically And Who Have Strong Ethics And Morals970 Words   |  4 Pageswe equip students to enter into a society where they will be bombarded with information, not all of which is true? I believe that the answer is to inspire students to be lifelong learners who can think critically and who have strong ethics and morals. If students are encouraged to think critically about new information before they incorporate their new knowledge into their sense of values, then they will be more prepared to live in the age of information. I strongly believe that people createRead MoreI Am A Student In The Master Of Divinity Program At Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary,1325 Words   |  6 Pageshas broadened my whole understanding of the Church and God, and has established a desire to further explore theology in the academy. Therefore, I am applying to the Master of Theological Studies program, with a desire to focus on Theology and Ethics. I am seeking admission into this program to further my growth as a scholar and researcher of theology in the context of western media. Studying theology and social ethics at Garett-Evangelical has broadened my understanding of ethics relative to theologyRead MoreLeadership Style And Leadership Theory807 Words   |  4 Pagesarticles and report results from research conducted on traits, skills, and characters relationships to leadership and followers. The paper discusses the common themes and conclusions addressed in all studies. The articles penned with the intention of examining the impact leadership style and leadership theory in areas such as individual identity, culture, and worldview. Mahdi, Mohd, and Almsafir (2014) argue there is a significantly strong relationship between the leadership behavior and organizationalRead MoreInvestigating The Changing Patterns Of Political And Social Organization Of Southern Africa During The 19th Century1437 Words   |  6 Pagessouthern African cultures. The research analysis will also help some other students or archaeologists who also have interest in researching in a pro ject similar to this one, like researching in how they traded with other states. This will help by examining the artifact that will be excavated in the field work. The area that we are going to work in is great Zimbabwe and Kwazulu Natal in South Africa. We plan to conduct a survey to the people near our working site, after that, excavate the working siteRead MoreSocial Exchange Theory And Division Of Household Labor Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesgender is taken out of the equation. In order to generate more understanding concerning the power imbalances of same-sex couples, Sutphin (2010) chose to employ the theoretical framework of social exchange theory to guide her study of the division of household labor in same-sex couples, a decision Knapp (2009) would have lauded as â€Å"critical theorizing.† Such integration of theory in research provides context and organization to the understanding of human behavior. This review intends to analyze the author’sRead MorePosi tivism And Paradigmatic Approaches979 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent ways in which knowledge is socially collected and analyzed. Now, each paradigmatic approach comprises of unique traits, some which are similar to each one another and others that are exclusive to a specific approach. These similarities and differences will be examined below. To begin, the main approach used in qualitative research is positivism. The Positivism Approach is rooted in philosophy and used to pursue casual explanations by generating questions as hypotheses, otherwise known asRead MoreIs Cancer A Second Biggest Killer Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Australians?1750 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscursive framing of cultural difference in the health professional accounts of providing cancer care to Aboriginal People† is the title of a Peer-Reviewed journal article written by authors Newman et al.,. The main aim of this journal is to address the gap between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals by taking a discourse approach to understanding how health professionals think and talk about the cancer care needs and experiences of Aboriginal Australians. Therefore, I will critically analyze the study alongRead MorePhil2013340 Words   |  14 Pagesto study philosophy? We begin, in true philosophic fashion, by examining the question itself: w hat do mean by philosophy being important and we introduce the idea of the philosophic mindset. We then examine 5 reasons why it is important for all persons to adopt the philosophic mindset. We will end by providing an overview of the different branches of philosophy. Tasks Read and take notes from chapter 2 of Philosophy: Critically Thinking about Foundational Beliefs, â€Å"Why is Philosophy ImportantRead MoreCritical Thinking Is A Natural Process1593 Words   |  7 Pagesself-assessment. It is therefore a fundamental skill in the workplace for project managers as it can help deal with daily questions that arise as well as evaluate people, policies and institutions to ultimately avoid problems. This essay will critically examine several models and theories of critical thinking addressing views and definitions from various scholars and philosophers. In addition it will be shown that critical thinking is indeed relevant in professional practice in particular its significanceRead MoreMulticultural Counseling Is The Hour Of The Need1204 Words   |  5 Pagesmulticultural-centric courses (Sue et al, 1992). There are several approaches to multicultural counseling. This paper would focus on the Three Factor Model for multicultural counseling and would delve into the model discussing its various aspects, also examining it critically. The three factors that the model takes into account are cultural identity, development stage and adjustment to disability. Sue et al. (1982) pioneered this approach and thus set the basis of multicultural counseling competency. The model

Case Study on Immigration Law Visa Validity and Eligibility

Question: Describe the Case Study on Immigration Law for Visa Validity and Eligibility. Answer: 1A - The difference between visa validity and visa eligibility: Visa validity refers to the length of time till which the foreign national is allowed to reside in the country of visit. In case the person fails to leave the country, then the person is considered to have overstayed the visa and it is illegal to do in most countries. The person is now an offender in the eyes of the law and is liable to punitive legal action. Visas are generally issued for a period which is mentioned on the visa document either in form of time period (number of days / months / years) from date of issue or as a specific end date. Visa eligibility refers to the validity of reason and criteria of a foreigner required to be met by the law of the visiting country to avail the service. This is directly linked to the purpose of visit of the foreigner to the visiting country. The government of the visiting country will always require knowing the reason for the visit, as the conduct of the foreigner on their land will always affect the foreign relations of the counties in question[1]. Also the eligibility conditions may require the visitor to have a certain cleanliness of track record in the country of nationality. Persons with criminal or fraudulent background may not be granted a visa on the assumed pretext that they may do the same in the visiting country, causing harm. Just like nobody wants to let a thief into the house knowingly, the eligibility of visa checks the background of the person on similar spirits. 1B - The process of obtaining a permanent partner visa: Partner visa is issued to people who wish to come to Australia for the purpose of marriage. It is applicable for persons who are already married to an Australian citizen or a Permanent resident, or a New Zealand Citizen. Even people who are planning to get married to the aforementioned class of people are eligible to apply for this visa. The Australian partner needs to fund the visitor for a period of two years and the visiting partner needs to be an adult. For persons already married to, or are in a relationship with the aforementioned class of people, the government first allows a temporary visa for two ears, which is then converted in to permanent one[2]. The partner visas can be of the following types: Marriage visa this is applicable for partners who are already married and want to bring their non-Australian partner in the country. They must provide proof of marriage and be living together. Prospective marriage visa this is applicable for nine months to allow a person to enter into Australia and marry a person of choice within the time frame. Post marriage the person can apply for a Partner visa. De-Facto visa this is applicable for persons who are in a relationship with the aforementioned class of persons and are sponsored by the Australian partner. Post marriage they can apply for a partner visa. The process of application of Partner visa is as enumerated below: Evidence of continuing relationship must be produced to the authorities along with commitment for life. The two partners must be living together and meet the health criteria required. Financial soundness of the partners needs to be established, along with commitment that partners wish to setup a household together and share the responsibilities. Also it is required to be declared as to how the immediate societies of the partners (friends and family) perceive the marriage along with personal commitment to each other, including knowledge of personal history and future aspirations. De Facto Visa process varies a little as the partner has to first apply for temporary visa with a commitment of continuing the relationship for minimum of 12 months, and then after fulfilment of the period apply for Partner visa. 1C - The criteria for lodging a valid application for an onshore Partner visa: Onshore Partner Visa can be applied only by persons who have already arrived and are residing in Australia on a different visa and now living with a partner in De Facto or Married state with any of the three classes of people allowed by law. The criteria is that the partner needs to be already married and have a temporary visa for two years and on permanent basis if waiting period is over[3]. Onshore partners need to apply for Partner visa subclass 805 and 801 and offshore partners for subclass 309 and 100. The partners have to marry legally as per Australian law (even if the marriage happened outside Australia) and apply for the visa. 2A - Has George breached any obligations under the Code of Conduct for registered migration agents? Explain: George has made a promise to Amal of converting her from a Temporary Skilled Worker visa to a Refugee visa based on her country of origin. There some clear observations here. Amal has been in Australia for last 4 years and she had left Syria much before the crisis and can no way qualified as a refugee. Moreover the charges he had demanded and the nature in which he treated the funds were in clear contravention of the Code of Conduct of the Immigration Agents[4]. He has violated the Code on grounds of interaction with the clients He has violated the Code on grounds of fees, charges and the nature of financial transactions It is yet to see if he violates the stipulate of the responses to be made to the complaint filed against him. George has failed under sections 2.1A c d referring to conflict of interests, 2.1B suppression of facts, 2.2 b akin to receiving an unfavourable payment against an advice, under 2.7 a, b c of providing wrong opinion, 2.10 a, b c of providing false promises. he has grossly violated the code under the fees and charges section, regarding fairness of fees 5.1, 5.2. (c) by not giving a written agreement, 5.4 by depositing the fees in his personal account and also 5.5 (a) of accepting a fee before agreement. Gorge has violated 6.1 of keeping written records of client communications as his intentions were fraudulent[5]. He has faltered under section 7.1 (a) for not transacting through the operating account and 7.1 (b) of accepting cash and not through client account. He has violated section 7.4 as well. George has violated entire Part 11 by fooling his client instead of creating client awareness[6]. 2B - What powers does the OMARA have to discipline George if he has breached the Code of Conduct? The OMARA was setup to regulate the process of immigration to Australia. The OMARA is a regulatory body that oversees proper implementation of the Migration Act 1958 and the Migration Regulations 1994. The organisation is a part of Department of Immigration and Border Protection of the Australian Government. It acts as a regulatory body for the Migration Agents in Australia and keeping a vigil on them, while they operate within the ambits of the two legislations mentioned above. Despite their freedom to do business, the Code of Conduct for the Immigration Agents sets a detailed guideline for the agents to follow. This code mainly regulates the business ethics part of the agents activities. The purpose of the Code is to debar unscrupulous agents from making false promises and duping the immigrants. This prevents financial loss to the immigrants, and prohibits creation of a pool of illegal immigrants inside Australia[7]. The OMARA can carry out a conduct of review for George and issue summons to him to explain his actions of violating the Code of Conduct with reasons thereof. It may impose a fine on George for consciously not complying with stipulates of the code. Moreover, if the agent has been found conducting serious breach, the license of the agent may be cancelled in conjunction with the Department of Immigration and Border Protection. 3A - The steps he needs to take in order to make a valid application for a Class EN Subclass 186 visa: To Safi Khan 1/1 Boulevard Avenue Perth Steps for making a valid visa application for Class EN subclass 186 visa Dear Safi, Please note that as per your application, you have mentioned that your present visa Class TU Subclass 500 is due to expire by end of this year. You have expressed the desire to apply for Class EN Subclass 186 visa. You are currently on a student visa, but is allowed to seek employment under the same. Your employer Rearden Industries have agreed to sponsor you. To apply for the 186 visa, you are required to make an application in the required format on the relevant website of the Department of Immigration and Border Protection(Border, 2016). Since you have been nominated by an employer, you are eligible to apply for the visa within the next six months of the nominations letter. You also have a valid visa for your current residence in Australia as you may apply for this visa while staying in the country as well. Your passport hopefully is valid and if you are expecting a new passport ensure you report the same to the department. You should be good at functional English as per the regulatory requirements of the country, else may be required to pay additional visa charges during the second instalment. Though you were a student here and your lectures were delivered in English, the duration of your masters degree course was much less than the stipulated period of 5 years and hence the requirement exists for you. You are under 50, so there is no problem in application. Do get a health check-up done and keep the reports to yourself proving yourself in sound state of health and mind. The results are valid for a period of 12 months. You are advised to get in touch with your local police station and get a police search record against your name. The search includes police records from both Australia and Nepal. You need to mention details of your family members in the application. Do consult the document checklist for further clarifications and prepare the documentation. Then you need to apply online for the visa through the link on the website. All documents need to be uploaded in the soft form and the relevant visa charges paid through credit card. The upload needs to be done using your Immi Account that you need to open. You will receive an acknowledgement of receipt of the application by the department. The visa processing takes between 5 to 8 months of time. Kindly ensure that your present visa is valid for the interim period. If not, you need to apply for a bridging visa (BVB) to legitimately live in Australia. Otherwise, you may be required to leave Australian soil and come back only after your visa is granted. Our advice is to also apply for the BVB if the present visa is valid for less than 5 months. Hope these guidelines will help you process your visa application in a more efficient manner. Yours sincerely, Myself 3B - The criteria for lodging a valid application for a Class EN Subclass 186 visa: The Class EN Subclass 186 visa is a permanent residency visa for working professionals. Hence the requirements for this visa are stringent and needs to meet a lot of regulatory requirements. Firstly, being a PR visa, it needs to ensure that the applicant has employment in the country to be able to sustain self (and partner if applicable). Hence a letter from the employer guaranteeing sponsorship to the applicant is necessary[8]. The applicant needs to conduct in English; hence they need to qualify for a Basic English certification as per the requirements of the Australian government. However, for citizens of UK, Ireland, Canada, US, New Zealand this requirement is waived off. The applicant must be of sound health and hence needs to get a medical check-up done, the results of which are valid for 12 months. The applicant needs to get a police record search done in all countries where the applicant has stayed in the immediate preceding 12 months. The record is to prove the cleanliness of character of the applicant. The applicant needs to be below 50 years of age while applying. In case the person is above 50, the applicant needs to be a nominated professor or technical research scholar. During the pendency of the application process, the applicant needs to hold a valid visa for residing in Australia, if the application is being made while staying in Australia. If not a BVB Visa needs to be sought for the interim. Bibliography: Austlii, 1958. Migration Act 1958 - Sect 48. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ma1958118/s48.html [Accessed 09 October 2016]. australiaforum, 2013. What makes a lodged partner visa application valid? [Online] Available at: https://www.australiaforum.com/visas-immigration/18222-what-makes-lodged-partner-visa-application-valid.html [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Border, 2016. Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186). [Online] Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/186- [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Border, 2016. Independent review of the Office of the Migration Agents Registration Authority. [Online] Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/about/reports-publications/reviews-inquiries/office-of-the-migration-agents-registration-authority [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Border, 2016. Protection visa (subclass 866). [Online] Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/866- [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Border, 2016. Temporary Work (Skilled) visa (subclass 457). [Online] Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/457- [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Mara, 2016. Code of conduct practice guides. [Online] Available at: https://www.mara.gov.au/becoming-an-agent/professional-standards-and-obligations/code-of-conduct/ [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Mara, 2016. Make a complaint about an agent. [Online] Available at: https://www.mara.gov.au/using-an-agent/resolving-disputes-with-your-agent/make-a-complaint-about-an-agent/ [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Myaccessaustralia, 2013. 10 Useful Things to Know About Your Australian 186 Visa. [Online] Available at: https://myaccessaustralia.com/10-useful-things-to-know-about-australia-186-visa/ [Accessed 09 October 2016].

Cultural Impacts on Effective Communication

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Impacts on Effective Communication. Answer: Introduction According to Pauley (2010), communication refers to the exchange of information between two or more (sender and receiver) parties. Effective communication entails sufficient feedback to enable the sender to make appropriate action. Effective communication is an integral part of an organization because it ensures the smooth operation of activities, and this facilitates the achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization. With the current globalization and the proliferation of multi-national organizations, individuals from different cultural backgrounds continue to interact in the workplace. Differences such as race, gender, religion, and sexual orientation have emerged as major barriers to effective communication in the workplace. This is because of the differences in the cultural beliefs and attitudes of individuals from different backgrounds, and this has hampered organizational performance. The cultural differences have also been a major stumbling block in social intera ction because it limits effective communication among parties. In line with these aspects, this paper is going to examine the impact that differing cultural backgrounds may have on effective communication between two groups. How cultural difference impact effective communication This refers to a particular method that a given community use for communication (Pathan, 2013). In a world of over 7billion population, there are numerous different languages based on the cultural backgrounds of the respective society. Individuals from different cultural backgrounds have established their own languages for communication. These languages have different dialects which are known and understood in the respective cultures. Language facilitates effective communication between two individuals or groups that belong to the same linguistic alienation. Conversely, the difference in linguistic alienation has emerged as a major cultural factor that negatively impacts the process of effective communication between two parties from different cultural backgrounds (Weiss, 2011). This is because individuals from different cultural background may speak a given language on two different levels of fluency. This difference influences an individuals perception of the message sent, and this negatively affects the process of effective communication. New Zealand is a multi-cultural country, and it has ethnic groups with different languages, for example, Maori, Pacific people, and Asians. The dominant languages are English, Maori, and New Zealand Sign language. These differences hinder effective communication among individuals from different languages because they have different knowledge of English language. The signs and symbols that are important elements of a communication process. Also referred to as macro-expressions, signs and symbols and other forms of non-verbal communication such as body language and facial expression are used to stress verbal communication especially in a face-to-face communication between two parties (Okon, 2011). Some forms of non-verbal communication such as gestures are very effective in passing on the intended message in a noisy place. Universal signs and symbols are also very important in circumstances where there is a language barrier, and hence, they are responsible for enhancing the communication process. Despite the above advantages, the difference in culture has contributed to a breakdown in the communication process among parties using the non-verbal method. This is because the signs and symbols have different meanings in different cultural backgrounds (Wilton, 2011). For example, in New Zealand, the use of the thumbs up gesture is used to approve something or wish someone luck in a particular endeavor. Conversely, the same gesture is considered a serious insult to an individual in some Asian countries such a Bangladesh. In this regard, there will be a serious breakdown in communication between a citizen of New Zealand and a Bangladeshi when the individual from New Zealand gestures thumps up to the Bangladeshi. Stereotypes and Prejudices According to Turner and Reinsch (2007), stereotyping refers to the practice of developing a generalized image of individuals that belong to a particular cultural background. It entails the categorization of individuals of a particular cultural background to having similar characteristics. Stereotyping contributes to widespread prejudice in the society, for example, the formation of a negative picture regarding an individual makes one to have negative attitudes towards the individuals in question (Onea, 2012). Recent research shows that social perception determines how people understand one another, and this has a major impact in an effective communication process. Individuals who are viewed as stereotypes are not taken seriously, and this can turn out to be a major cause of serious communication breakdown. Racial stereotyping is widespread in New Zealand, and it is a major negative impact the process of the effective communication process. The Maori population of New Zealand are view ed by the European white population in New Zealand as backward individuals. In addition to this, the Maori language is believed to have a funny dialect that is not effectively compatible with the English language. This has led to the stereotyping of the Maori population particularly in a communication process that involves the use of English language. This has contributed to incidents of communication breakdown in New Zealand. Cultural behavior, beliefs, and attitudes Another important element that influences the communication process are the cultural behavior, beliefs, and attitudes of the members of a given cultural group. According to Hofstede, there are five vital cultural dimensions, for example, power distance, masculinity, and individualism (Yoo, Donthu, Lenartowicz, 2011). The cultural dimensions determine the communication etiquettes of members of a given society. In New Zealand, power distance is considerable high. This means that there is a wide gap between the individuals who hold power and those who do not have power. In New Zealand, the level of masculinity as defined by Hofstede is considerable high in the country. This means that characteristics that are associated with male characters are embraced more than those that are associated with female gender. Based on these cultural belief and attitudes, the male gender is somehow placed high in the society, and this influences the communication process. In the New Zealand, it is expect ed that the female should be the first one to extend her hand to greet the male. This cultural behavior among the New Zealand population may be a major cause of communication breakdown between an individual from a different country and a New Zealand national. For example, the foreign gentleman may go ahead to extend his hand to greet a female New Zealand. This will make a female New Zealand to feel awkward, an experience that will have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the communication process. In New Zealand, it is a cultural belief that maintaining a constant eye contact while communicating is important for successful communication process; however, in some African countries, keeping an eye contact while communicating with the elders is considered a sign of disrespect (O'Rourke, 2010). Therefore, in New Zealand, it is expected that communicating parties should maintain a close eye contact regardless of the age differences between the communicating parties. Maintaining a close eye contact in New Zealand is considered a symbol of honesty, which is also a major cultural requirement in the country. This cultural difference will be a major cause of breakdown in the effective communication breakdown when a young African is speaking to an elderly from New Zealand because, during the communication process the young African will not keep an eye contact as expected by the elderly New Zealand (Srivastava Nandan, 2010). In this regard, the elderly individual will perceive the Africa n as dishonest, and hence, a serious communication breakdown due to lack of trust. Religion and ethnocentrism Religion in this context refers to the religious affiliation of an individual, for example, being a Christina, Muslim or a Buddhist. Religion is a major cultural element that impacts the communication process (Reynolds Valentine, 2011). Individuals from the same religious group can easily understand one another because of their commonly shared religious beliefs. However, in an instance where the communicating parties are from different religious groups, there will be major communication breakdown because of the differences. New Zealand is a Christian dominated country, followed closely by Muslims. The religious schism in the country has had negative impacts on the communication process because of the widely held idea of Orientalism and Occidentalism (Said, 2001). The European white population views the Muslims in the country as terrorists due to the social perception that all Muslims are terrorist. The Europeans believe that Islam as a religious group is uncivilized and incompatible with democracy, and as a population that promotes hostility and violence (Reilly, 2010). The difference in religious beliefs in New Zealand has had negative impacts in the communication process in the country as the Christians, and the Muslims do not trust one another. Conclusion In summary, the effective communication process is vital for smooth organizational operation. Feedback is an essential element of communication. However, in various occasions, the process of effective communication is negatively impacted by the differences in the cultural background of the communicating parties. Some of the major cultural differences that negatively impact the process of communication are religious differences, the difference in language, the different interpretation of symbols and signs, different cultural beliefs and attitudes. Individuals from different languages are not able to communicate effectively. 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